Description
Kylia proposes two QAM products: QAM16 and QAM64.
The QAM16 emulator is a device that enables to emulate a QAM16 signal from a QPSK signal. The device has one PM input by which a QPSK signal is launched. First the signal is split in a very precise 80/20 ratio. One part is delayed by 1ns in order to de-correlate both parts of the signal. Then the two parts are combined to make them interfere and thus emulate a QAM16 signal which is injected in the PM output fiber. A phase tuning element enables to adjust the delay between both arms to a multiple of bit-time in order optimize the interferences pattern. Moreover an ON/OFF switch enables to visualize only one arm of the QAM16 emulator.
The QAM64 emulator is a device that enables to emulate a QAM16 or QAM64 signal from a QPSK signal. The device has one PM input by which a QPSK signal is launched. It is then split twice thanks to tunable couplers and the three parts are finally recombined together after one has been delayed by 500ps and another by 1ns. The interference of these three signals enables a QAM654 signal injected in the PM output of the device.
Phase tuning elements enable to precisely adjust the delay between the several arms depending on the wavelength used.
Block diagram
Absolute maximum ratings
Parameter
Symbol
Min
Typ.
Max
Unit
Remarks/Conditions
Maximal optical input power
OpIn
300
mW
Storage temperature range
STR
-10.0
80
°C
Humidity
RH
5
85
%
non condensing
Fiber bend radius
20
mm
Maximal input voltage
Vmax
4
V
Operating conditions
Parameter
Symbol
Min
Typ.
Max
Unit
Remarks/Conditions
Operating wavelength
OWR
1530
1570
nm
Operating temperature range
OTR
0
70
°C
Operating tuning voltage
OTV
-4
4
V
Specifications
QAM16 specifications:
Parameter
Symbol
Min
Typ.
Max
Unit
Remarks/Conditions
Insertion loss
IL
3.2
4.5
5.5
dB
Including 3dB from BS
Splitting ratio
R
78
80
82
%
Path difference
D
990
1000
1010
ps
Switch attenuation
Att
60
dB
Tuning range
ε
360
deg
360deg is equivalent to
approx. 5fs at 1550nm
Tuning voltage
OTV
2.5
3.5
V
Voltage needed for a
360deg tuning range
Power consumption
P
0.5
W
OTV connector
BNC
QAM64 specifications:
Parameter
Symbol
Min
Typ.
Max
Unit
Remarks/Conditions
Insertion Losses path 1
IL1
2.0
dB
Measured with tunable couplers optimized
Insertion Losses path 2
IL2
3.0
dB
Insertion Losses path 3
IL3
4.0
dB
Optical path delay 2-1
OPD21
495
505
ps
Optical path delay 3-2
OPD32
495
505
ps
Polarization Extinction Ratio
PER
19
dB
Optical Return Loss
ORL
35
dB
Tuning range
520
deg
Tuning voltage
φ
3.0
V
Voltage needed to reach
the tuning range
Tuning time constant
Τ
1.0
s
To reach 50% of the final
state
Power consumption
P
0.5
W
OTV connector
BNC
OTV : The tuning voltage feeds a 33 Ohms heater attached to low thermal latency optical element. When heated, this element changes its refraction index, and adds an additional delay of several femtoseconds. This feature enables to finely tune the phase of both arms for a perfect QAM figure.
Package layout
描述 [描述] QAM16模拟器是一种能够模拟来自QPSK信号的QAM16信号的设备。